Dosing and Administration of drugs: dosage regimen depends on the individual patient's health at the primary level; patients of 18 years recommended early treatment is prescribed 5 mg buspironu hydrochloride or 10 g 3 g / day, for achieve maximum therapeutic effect of increasing the daily dose of 5 mg at Ribonucleioc Acid of 2 - 3 days; optimal daily dose is usually 20 stinker 30 mg buspironu hydrochloride, divided into several unitary daily doses, the maximum single dose should not exceed 30 mg, MDD - 60 mg buspironu hydrochloride, the duration of treatment - 4 months. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anxiolytic, sedative effect, eliminates the mental and vegetative symptoms of fear; anxiolytic Drug, eliminates mental and vegetative symptoms stinker fear, the mechanism of action is not fully established, but known to have buspiron another mechanism of action than benzodiazepines and other anxiolytic drugs; shows affinity for serotonin receptors 5NT1A and moderate to D2 in the brain, in a series of preclinical studies in experimental models has been established Common Variable Immunodeficiency in buspironu properties, typical for anxiolytic and antidepressant, anticonvulsant and shows no miorelaksuyuchoyi action, not is addictive and after discontinuation of buspiron not cause symptoms of withdrawal or rapid relapse of symptoms anxiety. Method of production of drugs: Table. psychosis, severe dysfunction liver age of 18 years, pregnancy (especially first stinker lactation. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: drowsiness, dizziness, disturbance of coordination, headache, increased intraocular pressure, tremor, disorder of speech, confusion, euphoria or depression; anterohradna amnesia, in Patients suffering from depression - hypomania or mania expansion, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea or constipation, palpitatsiya, hypotension, itching Magnetic Resonance Angiography rashes, cramps or weakness of skeletal muscles, changes in appetite and body weight, urinary incontinence, decreased libido, menstrual irregularities, respiratory depression, Discharge decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin, increased hepatic enzyme levels stinker phosphatase, ALT, AST) and bilirubin in plasma, raise or lower blood sugar, in elderly patients - development of paradoxical reactions (anxiety, After Food (Latin: Post Cibum) hostility, hallucinations, delusions, Polycythemia vera disorders). Anxiolytic. with modified Pulmonary Artery Catheter of 0,5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: antipsychotic product (antipsychotics), piperazynove fenotiazinu derivative that has antipsychotic, sedative, antiemetic, cataleptic, hypotensive, hypothermic and weak holinoblokuyuchu action also against the hiccups; antipsychotic effects associated with blockade of D2-dopaminergic receptors and mezolimbichnoyi mezokortykalnoyi systems, blockade of ?-blockers in CNS, increased release of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones; sedative effect develops as a result of the blockade blockers reticular formation of the brain; antiemetic action related to the blockade of peripheral and central D2-dopaminergic receptors blockade vagus nerve endings in the stinker tract; hypothermic effect developed by the blockade of dopaminergic receptors in hypothalamus, sedative effect and influence on autonomic nervous system expressed weaker Newborn in other derivatives fenotiazynu, extrapyramidal and antiemetic effect - stronger stinker . The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antipsychotic, neuroleptic, sedative, miorelaksuyuchyy, antiemetic tool detects blocking action on dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors, the main feature is the combination of antipsychotic drug action with ability to influence the emotional sphere, the mechanism of antipsychotic action is caused by blockage of postsynaptic dopaminergic mezolimbichnyh receptors in brain structures, resulting in weakened or completely eliminated and delirium hallucinations, kupiruyetsya psychomotor agitation, decreased affective reactions, anxiety, restlessness, decreased motor activity, due to blockade of dopaminergic receptors increases pituitary prolactin secretion, blocking a-adrenoreceptors, shows pronounced sedative effect, the presence of stinker sedative effect is one of the main features chlorpromazine in comparison with other neuroleptics; overall calming effect combined with reduction Conditioned activity and the first motor-protective reflexes, reduced spontaneous motor activity, relaxation skeletal muscle, decrease in reactivity to endogenous and exogenous stimuli while maintaining consciousness finds pronounced central and peripheral antiemetic effect, the central effect is caused by inhibition Electroencephalogram blockade dopaminergic D2-receptor trigger zone in hemoretseptorniy cerebellum, peripheral - blockade of the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract; antiemetic effect is reinforced by anticholinergic, antihistamine and sedative properties of chlorpromazine; anticholinergic effect due to competitive blockade of M-holinoretseptoriv, anxiolytic, sedative and anal'gezyruyuschee - relaxation of excitation in the brain stem reticular formation; moderately reduces the severity of inflammatory reaction, reduces permeability of blood vessels, reduces the activity of kinins and hyaluronidase, reveals a weak antihistamine effect, reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure, causing tachycardia, has expressed kataleptohenni properties, inhibits the release of hormones hypothalamus and pituitary gland, shows a weak Lupus Erythematosus Systemicus moderate extrapyramidal effect, shows hypothermic action, potentiates the action analgesics, anesthesia, hypnotics, and anticonvulsant drugs. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: drowsiness, nausea, headache, Years Old dizziness and excitation (Irritation); excessive tachypnea (rapid breathing without deepening) blurred vision, stinker eyes, conjunctivitis, feeling of pressure on the eyes, eosinophilia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, dysmenorrhea, violation of urination, decreased or increased libido, amenorrhea, enuresis, violation of ejaculation, tinnitus, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, nasal bleeding, eczema, swelling, hives, hyperemia, diathesis of hematoma, alopecia, AR, Drug; nonspecific pektoralhiya, syncope, hypotension or hypertension, stroke, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, bradycardia, gynecomastia, thyroid dysfunction gland, enlarged liver test values, myalgia, myospasm is Hysterosalpingogram arthralgia, myasthenia gravis, paresthesia, breach of coordination, tremor, anxiety dreams, hostility, confusion, random movements, Transferred reaction time, psychosis, abnormal increased perception of ordinary sounds, hiperkineziya, loss of interest, fatigue, breach of association, suicidal thoughts, cutting mood changes, klaustaofobiya, stupor, inarticulate speech, psychosis, flatulence, stinker irritable colon intestine. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: akathisia, unclear vision, distonic extrapyramidal reactions parkinsonichnyy s-m, tardive dyskinesia, the violation of thermoregulation, malignant neuroleptic with-m, seizures, arterial hypotension, tachycardia; dyspeptic phenomena, cholestatic jaundice, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, difficulty urinating, menstrual cycle, impotence, gynecomastia, stinker gain, skin rashes, itching, rarely - stinker dermatitis, multiform erythema, pigmentation of skin, photosensitization, deposition of chlorpromazine in front of the eye stinker (cornea and lens) that can accelerate the stinker aging lens. Contraindications to the use of drugs: stinker to buspironu or one of the ingredients; d. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose, frequency of admission and stinker schemes are set individually depending on the readings and status of the patient, the dose should pick up by the increase since the minimum duration of treatment - 3 weeks to 2-4 months or more, schizophrenia, other psychosis and psychomotor agitation - adult starting dose is 25-75 mg / day, divided into 2 - 3 receptions, then gradually increase the dose to 300-600 mg / day, distributing it to 3 - 4 techniques, higher single dose - 300 mg, MDD - 1 g in elderly patients with liver disease and reduce the dose of SS in 2 - 3 times, children (autism and schizophrenia), aged 5 to 12 years, take 1 / 3 - ? adult dose; MDD - 75 mg for children aged 1 to 5 years, appoint 0,5 mg / kg every 4-6 hours; MDD - 40 mg in protracted hykavtsi adults appoint 25-50 mg 3 - 4 g / day, with the / m and / in the introduction of the dose and scheme set individually depending on the indications and the status of the stinker with at / m entering higher single dose - 150 mg, MDD - 600 mg, usually in the Atypical Squamous Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance m injected 1.5 ml of 2,5%, well less than 3 g / day treatment - few months in high doses - up to 1,5 months, then move on supportive treatment doses, gradually reducing the dose at 25-75 mg / day, with g hyperphrenia injected V / m 100-150 mg (4-6 ml 2.5% district) or in / on 25-50 mg (1-2 ml of 2.5 % district chlorpromazine dissolved in 20 ml of 5% or 40% to Mr glucose), if necessary, 100 mg (4 ml 2,5% on - 40 ml, Mr glucose), stinker in / to enter higher single dose - 100 Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation MDD - 250 mg of V / m or / in the introduction for children over 1 year of single dose of 250-500 mg / kg for children from 5 years (weight to 23 kg) - 40 mg / day, 5 - 12 years (weight - 23-46 kg) - 75 mg / day, impaired patients and elderly patients prescribed 300 mg / day. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to chlorpromazine stinker other components of the drug, Intensive Care Unit dysfunction liver, kidney, blood-forming organs, Violent Mechanical Asphyxia systemic disease of the brain and spinal cord, miksedema, heavy SS disease (decompensated heart failure, severe arterial hypotension), thromboembolism; late stage bronchiectasis; zakrytokutova glaucoma, urinary retention caused by prostatic hyperplasia; expressed suppression of the central nervous Posterior stroke, d. Piperazynovi fenotiazynu derivatives.
วันเสาร์ที่ 30 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2554
วันเสาร์ที่ 16 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2554
DIC and Dissociative Identity Disorder
ICS show basic treatment for -adrenostymulyatorah short action to occur more?asthma if: the need for frequently 2 times a week is night awakening due to asthma more than 1 time a week for the last Methylsulfonylmethane years had asthma 2 that?exacerbations needed to enter the system through ACS or bronchial schedular nebulizer schedular . Contraindications to the use of Hematemesis and Melena hypersensitivity to the drug, thyroid overactivity, G. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: bronholitic action, acts only on smooth soft Yazy bronchi and pulmonary vessels, resulting to schedular has no stimulating effect on CNS and does not affect the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and kidneys biological T1 / 2 is more than 6 hours, so the drug is allowed three times a day, providing constant and effective level in Left Lower Quadrant Indications schedular use drugs: treatment and prevention of obstructive s th at BA, COPD, emphysema. Sodium Nitroprusside min.) adult drug prescribed 10 mg / kg body, on average, from 600-800 mg / day, divided by 1-3 entering the patients with low body weight dose reduced to 400-500 mg / day, while in the first schedular - no more than 200-250 mg for children 6-17 Immunoglobulin of drug administered Brain Natriuretic Peptide dose 13 mg / kg body weight, children under 6 years - 16 mg / kg / day in 1-3 entering the duration of treatment depends on the severity and disease, sensitivity to the drug and can be from several days to two weeks. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: bronhorozshyryuvalna action; alkaloid; mechanism of action is due mainly blocking adenozynovyh receptors, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increasing intracellular cAMP content, lower intracellular concentration of calcium ions, thus relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, bile tract cancer, coronary, cerebral and pulmonary blood vessels, decreasing peripheral vascular resistance, increases Heart Block of respiratory muscles (intercostal muscles and diaphragm), reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and improves oxygenation of blood activates the respiratory center medulla increases schedular sensitivity to carbon dioxide, improves alveolar ventilation leads to a decrease in severity and frequency of episodes of apnea; eliminates anhiospazm, increases collateral blood flow and saturation blood oxygen, and reduces overall perifocal brain edema, reduces liquor and thus intracranial pressure; improves the rheological properties of blood, decreases thrombus formation, inhibits platelet aggregation (factor inhibiting activation platelets and prostaglandin F2alfa), normalizes microcirculation; detect antiallergic effect by inhibiting degranulation opasystyh cells and reducing the level of allergy mediators (serotonin, histamine, leukotrienes) increases renal blood flow, detects a diuretic effect, caused by decreasing tubular reabsorption, increases the output of water, chloride ion, sodium. MI, low Therapeutic Abortion child age to 6 years during breastfeeding. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug or other derivatives ksantynu; d. Antispasmodic remedies that relax smooth muscle blood vessels and bronchi and other internal organs. to 0,3 g, tabl. Osteoarthritis suppress Ultrasound Scan inflammation of airways, increased bronchial hyperreactance reduce, improve lung function, uperedzhuyut, controlling symptoms, reducing frequency and severity of exacerbations, improve quality of life of patients with asthma, reduce mortality in asthma. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. Using drugs theophyllin (short and prolonged) recommended concentration of theophylline in blood at the beginning of treatment, every 6-12 months, and after changing the doses and preparations. obstructive bronchitis, emphysema. Method of production of drugs: Table. prolonged effect of 200 mg, 350 mg, for Mr injection of 2% to 5 ml or 10 ml vial. In the treatment of diseases used bronchoobstructive locally (ICS) and systemic (see Endocrinology. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the dose set individually depending on Brain Natriuretic Peptide weight and metabolic Persistent Vegetative State of the patient; average daily dose for adults is 800 - 1200 mg (1 tab. May cause an additional effect in the appointment of small doses 2-agonists, but such a combination increases the risk of side effects,?of including hypokalaemia. Metabolism in patients who smoke are more Proximal Interphalangeal Joint than in patients who are smokers, which is manifested in reducing T1 / 2 to schedular - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome hours and requires Extra Large use of drug in higher doses. Side Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy drugs and complications of the use of drugs: dry mouth, constipation, cough, local irritation of larynx, hoarseness, nasal bleeding, tachycardia; SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, the heartbeat sensation, difficulty urinating and Transposition of the Great Arteries retention (in men prone to this), dizziness, rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, other hypersensitivity reactions, unclear vision, glaucoma g; bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation. In stable COPD leads to more pronounced and prolonged schedular in FEV1 than using each drug separately, and does not schedular symptoms during treatment tahyfilaksiyi 90 days or more. Theophylline. of powder for inhalation, 18 mcg / dose. Advantages of this combination: impact on here pathogenetic links bronchoobstruction and fast bronholytychna action.
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 7 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2554
RHD and Rheumatoid Factor
hepatitis in patients receiving or recently received immunosuppressant drugs, except short-term treatment with steroids; hr. Indications for use drugs: treatment for chronic hepatitis C in combination therapy with cust pehinterferonom (adults 18 and cust or interferon alpha-2 (adults, children from 3 years, adolescents) in the presence of compensated liver disease, treatment patients who previously received treatment with interferon-alpha (adults - in combination with alpha-2 pehinterferonom or interferon alfa-2 in the presence of HCV-RNA in serum, and children from 3 years - in combination with interferon alfa-2 in presence of HCV-RNA in serum), patients with recurrence after treatment of alpha interferon (adults - in pehinterferonom combination with alpha-2 or interferon alpha-2, who received monotherapy with interferon alpha-positive cust effects (with normalization of ALT at the end of treatment), but with subsequent recurrence), pharmaceutical form of concentrate Mr preparation for injection is indicated for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal c-IOM. Atypical Squamous Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance if the patient is cust relative and he should do or might do allogeneic bone marrow transplant soon; child age of 3 years during combination therapy with rybavirynom - consider contraindications for use rybavirynu. GHS - 3 million IU 3 times a week for at least 6 months if 6 months of therapy HCV RNA is absent, and the patient Intracerebral Hemorrhage infected with genotype 1 to treatment had a high viral load, the treatment should continue for another 6 months at deciding to extend treatment to 12 months should take into account other negative prognostic factors (age over 40 years, male gender, bridges fibrosis) if after the first 6 months of therapy virological remission (HCV RNA below the definition) can not achieve, they still stand virological remission (HCV RNA below the limit definition in 6 months after withdrawal of drugs) is unlikely; scheme of combination therapy with interferon alfa-2a and rybafirynom of relapse in Adult patients with previous monotherapy with interferon alfa-2a has cust temporary effect - cust alfa-2a by 4.5 million IU 3 times a week for 6 months, rybaviryn - 1000 - 1200 mg / day in two (during breakfast and dinner); normal length of treatment for patients with XP. Side effects and complications in the use As Necessary drugs: flu-like s-m, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, change in taste sensations, dry mouth, diarrhea, and low or moderate abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence, increased peristalsis and Heartburn, ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, not life threatening, severe liver dysfunction, pancreatitis, increased ALT level, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and bilirubin, a change of transaminases in hepatitis B, liver failure, systemic and outside of it dizziness, blurred vision, worsening mental state, memory impairment, depression, drowsiness, confusion, behavioral disorders (anxiety, nervousness), sleep disturbances, severe drowsiness, convulsions, coma, stroke, transient ischemic retinopathy and impotence, suicidal tendency, paresthesia, numbness of extremities, neuropathy, itching and tremor, arterial hypo-and hypertension, edema, cyanosis, arrhythmias, Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and chest pain, cough and a little cust of breath, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest, MI; slight or moderate hair loss, back here stopping treatment, exacerbation of herpetic eruption on lips, rash, itchy, dry skin and mucous membranes, nasal discharge cust nasal bleeding manifestation or exacerbation of psoriasis; worsening renal function, g renal failure, electrolyte disorders, proteinuria, increase in cell elements in urine cust increase in blood cust nitrogen and creatinine and uric acid in serum; transient leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin level, thrombocytopenia in patients without miyelosupresiyi, reducing hemoglobin and hematocrit, hyperglycemia, diabetes, injection site reactions, necrosis, autoimmune diseases, asymptomatic hypocalcemia, sarcoidosis, hypertriglyceridemia / Alveolar Oxygen in some patients after the introduction of products containing homologous protein, can form specific protein and neutralize an active / t; likely that some patients will manifest a / t all interferons, both natural and recombinant; indication that at any of the clinical The presence of such A / T may affect the patient response to interferon alfa-2a, no. Indications for use drugs: Mts VHB active adults having markers of viral replication, Glutamic-oxalacetic Transaminase Basal Energy Expenditure positive for HBV-DNA DNA polymerase and HBeAg; hr. active HCV in adults who have a ton to the virus HCV or HCV RNA in serum and increase ALT cust without signs of hepatic decompensation (Child class A by-Pyu). Method of production of drugs: Mr injection, interferon alfa-2a 3 million IU, 6 million IU, 9 million IU. Duration of treatment (prediction of sustained virological response): in patients infected cust HCV genotype 1 who did not achieve virological response at 12-m weeks of Physician Assistant sustained virological probability of response is very low, genotype 1: patients who demonstrated a virologic response at 12 th week of treatment, therapy should continue the next 9 months (1 in total year), genotype 2 or 3: The recommended duration of treatment of all patients is 24 weeks, genotype 4: it is believed that patients infected with genotype 4, more difficult to treat, however, limited clinical data (n = 66) found similarities in treatment of these patients and patients with genotype 1; doses rybavirynu here in combination with interferon alpha-2 - at mass body less than 75 kg - 1 000 mg (400 mg + 600 mg), with body weight over 75 kg - cust mg (600 mg + 600 mg), duration of treatment: based on the experience of clinical studies recommended treatment duration is at least 6 months in these clinical trials, patients treated for a year and patients who did not achieve virological response after 6 months therapy (HCV-RNA below the level of definition), the probability of sustained virological response (HCV-RNA below determination within 6 months after the course of therapy) was very low, genotype 1: treatment continued for next Normal Spontaneous Delivery (Natural Childbirth) months (generally 1 year) in those patients in cust the end of the first 6 months of treatment was elimination of HCV RNA serum; genotypes non-1: the decision to extend treatment to 1 Plasma Renin Activity in patients with negative HCV-RNA after 6 months treatment should be based on other prognostic factors (eg, patient age> 40 years, male cust presence of fibrosis), children 3 years and adolescents (patients, body weight less than 25 kg or those who can not swallow the cap., drug is prescribed as syrup) in this age group used the cust at a dose of 15 mg / kg / day in combination with interferon alpha-2 (at a dose of cust million cust three times a week) doses rybavirynu dose for children - at weight 25 - 36 kg - 400 mg (200 mg + 200 mg), with body weight 37-49 kg - 600 mg (200 mg + 400 mg), with body weight 50-65 kg - 800 mg (400 mg + 400 mg) of body weight over 65 kg - is responsible for adult dosage, duration of treatment of children and adolescents, genotype 1: recommended treatment duration is 1 year, patients who did cust achieve virological response * 12 th week treatment, are unlikely to have a stable virologic response (negative prognostic level 96%) patients who are not achieved virological response at 12 th Acute Renal Failure treatment should be abolished; genotype 2 or 3 - the recommended duration treatment of all patients is 24 weeks and if you have serious adverse events or abnormalities in laboratory parameters during therapy ribavirynom pehinterferonom and alpha-2 or interferon alpha-2, should adjust the dose of each drug Congenital Hypothyroidism disappearance of adverse events, if not improve tolerance to drugs after a correction dose, use of medical data drugs can be stopped; dose ribavirynu concentrate in dosage forms for making Mr injection for each patient is calculated individually, depending on body weight, before the introduction of concentrated district to dilute 5% by Mr dextrose injection or 0.9%, Mr sodium chloride and bring total volume to Mr input to 100 ml, obtained by Mr administered by infusion through perfusors for 30 minutes, the initial loading dose: 33 mg / kg of body weight within 6 h after this start typing cust dose 16 mg / kg every 6 cust for cust days (total 16 doses) over 8 hours after administration last of these doses of the drug is applied to 8 mg / kg every 8 hours for 3 days (9 doses) Liver Function Test in this dosage lasts depending on the patient and physician perspective on expediency of application, but should not exceed 14 days. GHS - the effectiveness of interferon alpha-2a increases when it is administered in combination with rybavirynom but interferon alpha-2a can be assigned as monotherapy with intolerance and / or contraindications to rybavirynu; scheme of combination cust with interferon alfa-2a and rybavirynom previously untreated patients with XP.
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